Uveitis

Brief introduction: Uveitis refers to the inflammation of the iris, ciliary body and choroid; the blood supply of the iris and ciliary body is the iris ring, so the two are often inflamed at the same time, and they are collectively called iridocyclitis. If the choroid is also inflamed at the same time, it is called uveitis. Uveitis is an eye disease that occurs mostly in young adults. It has a wide variety of causes and complex causes. Improper treatment can lead to blindness. It plays an important role in blinding eye diseases and has attracted worldwide attention. Because the mechanism of its onset and recurrence is not completely clear, its prevention is impossible, and the treatment effect is also not ideal. Therefore, the search for reasonable and effective treatment drugs has become an urgent problem in the field of ophthalmology. Causes: The causes and mechanisms of uveitis are quite complex, involving multiple factors such as traumatic infection and autoimmunity. Mainly divided into two categories of infectious and non-infective. (1) Infectivity: caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, rickettsia, parasitic and other pathogens. (2) Non-infectious: It is divided into exogenous and endogenous (1) Exogenous causes: it is caused by external pathogenic factors. 1 Infectivity: such as bacteria, fungi, etc. through the trauma or surgical wound directly into the eye, easy to cause suppurative inflammation. 2 non-infectious: such as mechanical, chemical and thermal burns can cause uveitis, often accompanied by other changes in the eye. (2) Secondary causes: uveal inflammation of the eye caused by other diseases. 1 The spread of inflammation in adjacent ocular tissues, such as severe keratitis or scleritis, can cause iridocyclitis. 2 eye endotoxin or irritant reactions, such as blind atrophy and degeneration of the eyeball, long-term retinal detachment, repeated intraocular hemorrhage and malignant tumor necrosis can cause uveitis. Examination: Ultrasound uveitis of the eyeballs and eyelids Uveitis is an refractory disease in ophthalmology, due to acute onset, rapid changes, repeated attacks; serious complications, severely affecting vision, and even blindness, causing great pain to patients . Due to the complex etiology of this disease, it is impossible to target treatment. At present, Western medicine mainly uses hormone therapy, but it is easy to recurrent, and the effect is not ideal. (3) Intrinsic causes: 1 Infectivity: Pathogens or their products are spread through the bloodstream and enter the eye from other parts of the body, such as the metastasis of obvious infections or the disease process in which the source of infection is clear. Bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, syphilis, leptospirosis, or protozoal infections such as herpes simplex, herpes zoster, or toxoplasmosis, as well as parasitic infections such as aphids and cysticercosis may cause uveitis. 2 non-infectious: many endogenous uveitis can not detect pathogens, often have immune abnormalities. Such as crystal-derived uveitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, Fuchs iris heterochromic iridocyclitis, intermediate uveitis, or anterior uveitis with systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Vogt-Koyanagi - Harada disease, Behcet's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, etc. Diagnosis: (1) anterior uveitis 1, eye pain, photophobia, tearing, decreased vision 2, ciliary congestion or mixed congestion 3, aqueous humor, post-corneal deposits, even anterior chamber fibers exuded or before House empyema 4, iris swelling, unclear texture, adhesion after pupillary 5, accompanied by systemic lesions (2) posterior uveitis (choroiditis) 1, severe visual decline, the degree of vision loss depends on the lesion and vitreous opacity degree. If it occurs in the macula, it will seriously affect vision. 2, the sense of flash, the symptoms of retinal irritation caused by inflammation. 3, vision deformation, caused by edema or exudation caused by disordered arrangement of retina and visual cells. 4, fundus examination: visible multiple exudation, omental edema and fundus hemorrhage; late patients can see fundus pigmentation, sunset-like fundus, scar, proliferative changes, and subretinal neovascularization. (C) total uveitis When the iris, ciliary body and choroid occur simultaneously or sequentially, it is called total uveitis.