Introduction to uveitis

Introduction:

UveitisRefers to the inflammation of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid; the blood supply of the iris and ciliary body is the iris ring, so the two often inflame at the same time, and are collectively called iridocyclitis. If the choroid is also inflamed at the same time, it is called uveitis. Uveitis is an eye disease that occurs mostly in young adults. It has a wide variety of causes and complex causes. Improper treatment can lead to blindness. It plays an important role in blinding eye diseases and has attracted worldwide attention. Because the mechanism of its onset and recurrence is not completely clear, its prevention is impossible, and the treatment effect is also not ideal. Therefore, the search for reasonable and effective treatment drugs has become an urgent problem in the field of ophthalmology.

Cause:

The causes and mechanisms of uveitis are quite complex, involving multiple factors such as traumatic infection and autoimmunity. Mainly divided into two categories of infectious and non-infective.

(1) Infectivity: caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, rickettsia, parasitic and other pathogens.

(2) Non-infectious: it is divided into exogenous and endogenous

(1) External causes: It is caused by external factors.

1 Infectivity: such as bacteria, fungi, etc. through the trauma or surgical wound directly into the eye, easy to cause suppurative inflammation.

2 non-infectious: such as mechanical, chemical and thermal burns can cause uveitis, often accompanied by other changes in the eye.

(2) Secondary causes: uveal inflammation of the eye caused by other diseases.

1 The spread of inflammation in adjacent ocular tissues, such as severe keratitis or scleritis, can cause iridocyclitis.

2 eye endotoxin or irritant reactions, such as blind atrophy and degeneration of the eyeball, long-term retinal detachment, repeated intraocular hemorrhage and malignant tumor necrosis can cause uveitis.

an examination:

Ultrasound of the eyeball and eyelid

Uveitis

Uveitis is a refractory disease in ophthalmology. It is caused by acute onset, rapid changes, and repeated attacks. Serious complications occur, which seriously affects vision and even blindness, causing great pain to patients. Due to the complex etiology of this disease, it is impossible to target treatment. At present, Western medicine mainly uses hormone therapy, but it is easy to recurrent, and the effect is not ideal.

(3) Intrinsic causes: 1 Infectivity: Pathogens or their products are spread through the bloodstream and enter the eye from other parts of the body, such as the metastasis of obvious infections or the disease process in which the source of infection is clear. Bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, syphilis, leptospirosis, or protozoal infections such as herpes simplex, herpes zoster, or toxoplasmosis, as well as parasitic infections such as aphids and cysticercosis may cause uveitis. 2 non-infectious: many endogenous uveitis can not detect pathogens, often have immune abnormalities. Such as crystal-derived uveitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, Fuchs iris heterochromic iridocyclitis, intermediate uveitis, or anterior uveitis with systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Vogt-Koyanagi - Harada disease, Behcet's disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, etc.

diagnosis:

(a) anterior uveitis

1, eye pain, photophobia, tearing, decreased vision

2, ciliary congestion or mixed congestion

3, turbid aqueous humor, there are sediments behind the cornea, even anterior chamber fibers exudation or anterior chamber empyema

4, the iris is swollen, the texture is unclear, and the adhesion after the pupil

5, accompanied by systemic lesions

(B) after uveitis (choroiditis)

1. The visual acuity is seriously degraded, and the degree of vision loss depends on the degree of opacity of the lesion and the vitreous. If it occurs in the macula, it will seriously affect vision.

2, the sense of flash, the symptoms of retinal irritation caused by inflammation.

3, vision deformation, caused by edema or exudation caused by disordered arrangement of retina and visual cells.

4, fundus examination: visible multiple exudation, omental edema and fundus hemorrhage; late patients can see fundus pigmentation, sunset-like fundus, scar, proliferative changes, and subretinal neovascularization.

(three) total uveitis

When the iris, ciliary body and choroid are accompanied by inflammation at the same time or in succession, it is called total uveitis.