Introduction to glaucoma

Introduction

glaucomaIt refers to an eye disease in which intraocular pressure is intermittent or continuously elevated. Continuous high intraocular pressure can cause damage to various parts of the eye tissue and visual function. If not treated in time, the visual field can be completely lost to blindness. Glaucoma is one of the three most common blind eye diseases that cause blindness in humans. The overall population incidence rate is 1%, and after 45 years old, it is 2%.

Cause

Normal intraocular pressure and factors affecting intraocular pressure: The pressure exerted by the contents of the eyeball on the wall of the eyeball is called intraocular pressure (referred to as intraocular pressure). The intraocular pressure that maintains the normal visual function is called normal intraocular pressure. Under normal circumstances, the rate of aqueous humor production, the rate of aqueous humor discharge, and the volume of the contents of the eye are in dynamic equilibrium, which is an important factor in maintaining normal intraocular pressure. If the dynamic balance of these three disorders is imbalanced, pathological intraocular pressure will occur. The normal intraocular pressure value of Chinese people is mostly between 1.33 and 2.79 kPa (10-20 mmHg), and the pathological phenomenon is more than 3.19 kPa (24 mmHg). The suspected pathological intraocular pressure is between 2.79 and 3.192 kPa (21-24 mmHg). . However, 4.55% of normal people have an intraocular pressure of more than 3.192 kPa (mean ± 3 standard deviations) without glaucoma. In other words, although the intraocular pressure of these people exceeds the upper limit of normal people, the optic nerve is not damaged. Therefore, it is not possible to simply use a numerical value as a criterion for dividing pathological intraocular pressure. It is appropriate to divide the intraocular pressure into normal, suspicious pathology and pathology.

Range of pathological intraocular pressure: If any part of the aqueous channel is blocked, it will cause an increase in intraocular pressure. Normal people have slight fluctuations in intraocular pressure within 24 hours a day, generally the lowest in the evening. After nighttime rest, the intraocular pressure gradually rises to the highest in the morning before waking up, and then slowly declines after getting up, and the intraocular pressure fluctuation range does not exceed 0.665 kPa ( 5mmHg), the intraocular pressure of both eyes is also basically equal, or the difference is not big. If the 24-hour intraocular pressure difference exceeds 1.064 kPa (8 mmHg), the maximum intraocular pressure exceeds 2.793 kPa (21 mmHg) or the intraocular pressure difference is greater than 0.665 kPa (5 mmHg), it should be regarded as abnormal and further examination is required.

High intraocular pressure and optic disc microcirculation disturbance are the main causes of glaucomatous optic disc depression and visual field damage. Although high intraocular pressure is an important factor in glaucoma damage, it is not absolute. In clinical practice, although some patients have exceeded the normal high limit of intraocular pressure, long-term observation does not cause optic disc and visual field damage, which is called ocular hypertension. There are also a small number of patients with intraocular pressure in the normal range or critical value, and the optic disc and visual field damage are already very obvious, this type of glaucoma. It is called low-tension glaucoma or low-critical glaucoma.

symptom

There are four main types of glaucoma: congenital glaucoma, primary glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and mixed glaucoma. The clinical manifestations and characteristics of various types of glaucoma vary. Here, I will use Baidu Encyclopedia to explain the clinical symptoms of various glaucoma. I hope that everyone can have a deeper understanding of glaucoma and achieve early detection and early treatment.

First, congenital glaucoma: according to the age of onset can be infantile glaucoma and adolescent glaucoma. Glaucoma under the age of 30 falls into this category. The reason for the formation of congenital glaucoma is that during the development of the embryo, the anterior chamber angle is abnormally developed, causing the drainage of the aqueous humor to be blocked, causing an increase in intraocular pressure. 25-80% of patients show up within half a year, and 90% of children can be diagnosed by the age of one. 10% of patients develop symptoms at the age of 1-6.

1. Infant glaucoma: Children with glaucoma from 0-3 years old are generally classified as such. This type is the most common in congenital glaucoma. The mother is sick, and symptoms appear immediately or slowly after birth. It is usually a binocular disease, but it does not necessarily start at the same time. There are also 25-30% of children with monocular disease. The clinical manifestation is that the eyeball is prominent after birth, which is quite similar to the cow's eye. It is called "bull's eye". It is afraid of light, tears, eyes, eyelids, corneal opacity, irritability, crying, poor diet or vomiting. Wait until the systemic symptoms. The key to the prognosis of this type is timely and correct diagnosis. Because the eye wall of children is in the development stage, the eye pressure is checked, it may be normal, and the fundus examination is not good, so there is a lack of glaucoma enrichment.

2. Adolescent glaucoma: The age of onset is between 3 and 30 years old. This type of clinical manifestations are similar to open-angle glaucoma, and the incidence is concealed and extremely harmful. In recent years, this type has occurred mostly in myopia patients and has a trend of increasing incidence. More than 90% of patients do not show typical glaucoma symptoms, but come to "myopia, visual fatigue, headache, insomnia", and even unconsciously blinded to see a doctor, detailed examination to know is glaucoma. Some patients have found glaucoma, but they mistakenly believe that I don't feel anything now, my vision is OK, it can't be as serious as the doctor said, I am really blind, then I regret it too late, I can only suffer in the dark. Have spent the rest of your life.

Second, primary glaucoma: according to the shape of the anterior chamber anterior horn and rapid onset, divided into acute, chronic angle-closure glaucoma, open-angle glaucoma, etc.:

1. Acute angle-closure glaucoma: The occurrence of acute angle-closure glaucoma is caused by a sudden narrowing or closure of the angle of the eye, and the aqueous humor cannot be discharged in time, causing the water to rise and the intraocular pressure to rise sharply. More common in middle-aged and older people, 90% of those over 40 years old. The incidence of women is higher, with a male to female ratio of 1:4. The situation is fierce, the symptoms are mild, the anterior chamber is narrow or completely closed, the sudden onset of intense eye swelling headache, sharp vision loss, eyeball hard as stone, conjunctival hyperemia, nausea and vomiting, constipation, blood pressure, at this time Systemic symptoms are more likely to be misdiagnosed as gastroenteritis, encephalitis, neuropathic headache and other diseases. If you do not get timely diagnosis and treatment for 24-48 hours, you can completely lose sight and have no light. At this time, it is called "violent glaucoma", but some patients in the clinic are less tolerant of pain, only manifested as eyelids and eye discomfort. The eye has no symptoms and is transferred to the forehead, ears, maxillary sinus, teeth and other pain. Acute angle-closure glaucoma is actually due to the repeated delay of chronic angle-closure glaucoma.

2. Chronic angle-closure glaucoma: This type accounts for more than 50% of patients with primary glaucoma. The age of onset is over 30 years old. In recent years, with the accelerated pace of life, social competition has become increasingly fierce, and mental workers have risen sharply. Trends, this type of seizures have obvious incentives, such as emotional agitation, visual fatigue, excessive use of the brain, long-term insomnia, habitual constipation, women during menstruation, or local or systemic medication, can be induced, expressed as an eye Department dry, fatigue discomfort, pain, blurred vision or decreased vision, rainbow vision, dizziness, insomnia, elevated blood pressure. After rest, it can be relieved. Some patients have blindness without any symptoms. When checking, the intraocular pressure can be normal or fluctuating, or not too high 20-30mmhg, and the fundus can be normal at an early stage. This type is most easily misdiagnosed. Such repeated episodes of anterior chamber angle can form fulminant glaucoma once the adhesion is closed (see: acute angle-closure glaucoma).

There are four early symptoms:

First, I often feel that my eyes are tired and unwell;

Second, the eyes are often sore, and will be relieved after a break;

Third, blurred vision, myopia or presbyopia suddenly deepened;

Fourth, the eyes often feel dry.

3. Primary open angle glaucoma: more than 40 people. 25% of patients have a family history. Most patients have no obvious symptoms, and some have no discomfort until the ground is blind. The anterior chamber angle is open at the time of the attack. This type of diagnosis is the most critical. At present, once the diagnosis of Western medicine has obvious fundus changes, it is necessary to comprehensively and conscientiously exclude every patient with glaucoma. Early diagnosis and early treatment should not wait until the diagnosis is glaucoma. The best treatment opportunity has been lost.

Third, secondary glaucoma: glaucoma caused by eye and systemic diseases are of this type, the cause is quite complicated, a wide variety, only the most common types of secondary glaucoma are briefly described:

1. Refractive error (ie, myopia, hyperopia) secondary to glaucoma: due to refractive system adjustment disorders, ciliary muscle dysfunction, aqueous humor secretion, coupled with the iris root compression anterior chamber angle, aqueous drainage is blocked, so cause the eye Increased pressure, the clinical characteristics of such patients are conscious fatigue symptoms or no obvious discomfort, wearing glasses can not correct vision, easy to be misdiagnosed, so patients with a history of refractive error should be found in time if there is an unexplained eye abnormality Doctors with rich clinical experience in glaucoma are examined in detail.

2. Angle, conjunctiva, uveitis secondary to glaucoma: intraocular inflammation caused by aqueous humor, ciliary muscle, iris, corneal edema, shallow angle of the anterior chamber, or adhesion of the pupil, trabecular mesh obstruction, abnormal water discharge Increased intraocular pressure. At present, Western medicine generally treats the disease with antibiotics and hormones, and artificially interferes with the autoimmune function, causing the disease to recur and prolong the recovery.

3. Cataract secondary to glaucoma: crystal opacity in the development process, edema enlargement, or translocation leading to relatively narrow anterior chamber, blocked drainage of water, causing elevated intraocular pressure, once cataract surgery, rapid optic atrophy and blindness.

4. Traumatic glaucoma: tearing of the anterior chamber, detachment of the iris root, or anterior chamber hemorrhage, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal shock, so that the secretion of the aqueous humor, the discharge pathway is blocked, and the glaucoma optic nerve atrophy is followed. Surgery can only repair the damaged intraocular tissue, but the fundus damage caused by it can not be corrected. Therefore, this type of patient is generally treated by Western medicine at that time, and it is considered to be good. It is no longer treated. Once the optic nerve atrophy is found, it is serious. Vision damage.

4. Mixed glaucoma: Two or more primary glaucoma exist at the same time, and the clinical symptoms are the same as those of the various types.

diagnosis

Chronic simple glaucoma, if diagnosed early, is extremely important for protecting visual function. The following points are helpful for early detection and early diagnosis:

Family history: Family members have a history of glaucoma, and they are consciously have headaches, eye irritation, and visual fatigue. Especially those with presbyopia, or those who frequently change glasses, should go to the eye examination and review it regularly.

Check the intraocular pressure: In the early stage of glaucoma, the intraocular pressure is often unstable, and the intraocular pressure rises only a few hours in a day. Therefore, measuring the 24-hour intraocular pressure curve is helpful for diagnosis.

Fundus changes: Increased optic disc depression is one of the common signs of glaucoma. There is no obvious change in the early optic disc. As the disease progresses, the physiological depression of the optic disc gradually enlarges and deepens, and finally reaches the edge to form a typical glaucoma cup-shaped depression. Retinal nerve fiber layer damage in the vicinity of the optic disc is the basis of visual field defects, which occurs before the optic disc or visual field changes. Therefore, it can be used as one of the early diagnostic indicators of open angle glaucoma.

Vision: Vision is an important test for the diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma occurs when there is a pathological change in the optic disc.

For glaucoma, it is best to use medication first. If you can't control intraocular pressure under the maximum dose, you can consider surgery. You should first use a low concentration of the drug solution, then use a high concentration of drug droplets, and according to the effective antihypertensive effect time of different drugs, determine the number of times of drug per day, the most important thing is to ensure that it can remain effective within 24 hours. Dosage, apply eye ointment before going to bed.

Follow-up after open-angle glaucoma treatment is also very important. Even if the intraocular pressure has been controlled, it should be reviewed every 4 to 6 weeks, including intraocular pressure, fundus and vision. The visual field should be checked once a year to ensure the continuity and stability of the treatment. Sex.

In acute exacerbation of acute angle-closure glaucoma, accompanied by severe headache, nausea, vomiting, etc., sometimes overlooking the eye symptoms, and misdiagnosed as acute gastroenteritis or nervous system diseases. The acute episode is easily confused with acute iridocyclitis or acute conjunctivitis and needs to be identified.

complication

Acute angle-closure glaucoma, often associated with nausea, vomiting, fever, chills and constipation, a small number of patients may have diarrhea. Chronic angle-closure glaucoma, often accompanied by vision, rainbow vision. The most serious complication of this disease is blindness.

treatment

Glaucoma is one of the main causes of blindness in China, and the visual function damage caused by glaucoma is irreversible and the consequences are extremely serious. In general, glaucoma is not preventable, but early detection of reasonable treatment, the vast majority of patients can maintain useful visual function for life. Therefore, the prevention of blindness in glaucoma must emphasize early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment.

Glaucoma is a group of threatening visual functions, mainly related to clinical signs or eye diseases related to elevated intraocular pressure, that is, the intraocular pressure exceeds the intraocular tissues, especially the limits that the retina can bear, which will cause visual impairment. The most typical and most prominent manifestation is the collapse of the optic nerve and the reduction of visual field defects. If no effective treatment is taken, the visual field can be completely lost to blindness.

First, primary glaucoma

Primary glaucoma is mostly bilateral, but the incidence of both eyes can be sequential; primary glaucoma can be divided into two types: closed angle and open angle.

1. Closed angle glaucoma

Closed-angle glaucoma is a common type of primary glaucoma. Most of them are over 45 years old, and less common under 30 years old. Because of the obvious eye congestion at the time of onset, it has been called congestive glaucoma. If the angle-closure glaucoma is properly treated at an early stage, it can often achieve satisfactory results and even cure.

The pathogenesis of angle-closure glaucoma is divided into four phases:

1, the attack period;

2. Intermittent remission period;

3. Chronic progression period;

4. Preclinical stage.

The onset of angle-closure glaucoma can often have some incentives, such as mood swings, mental or physical fatigue, reading too long, or watching TV movies. At the beginning of the attack, the patient felt a slight eye swelling and headache or nausea. During the day, the object was foggy (fog), and at night, there was a rainbow (a rainbow surrounding the light). Patients often come to see a doctor when this phenomenon occurs frequently or if the symptoms are severe and can no longer be alleviated. At this time, the intraocular pressure rises sharply, and the visual acuity is reduced, so that only the light perception is present (the eye can not see things, only some light). At this time, it is necessary to actively carry out rescue treatment without delay, quickly control the intraocular pressure to make it fall, and the vision can be gradually restored. If not treated properly, because glaucoma damage to vision is irreversible, after multiple episodes, vision will become worse and worse, and the final result is blindness.

When glaucoma attacks, some cases are often misdiagnosed as ophthalmic iridocyclitis, or gastroenteritis, migraine, etc., and the disease is worsened by the opposite treatment.

If the angle-closure glaucoma can be detected early, it can be cured by surgery and can be satisfactorily cured. However, if the timing of the operation is missed, even if the operation is performed, the effect is greatly reduced.

2, open angle glaucoma

Open angle glaucoma is also known as simple glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma progresses very slowly, and there are no obvious symptoms, so it is not easy to find early. Individual patients or even one eye has been blind, and it is not known when it will start. This kind of eye disease that gradually leads to blindness without symptoms is more dangerous. The patient's age ranged from 20 to 60 years old.

Symptoms: Open-angle glaucoma has almost no symptoms in the early stage. Only when the lesion progresses to a certain extent, the patient has the feelings of blurred vision, eye swelling and headache, and sometimes rainbow and fog vision. When the late binocular vision (the range seen by the eyes) is reduced, there may be night blindness and inconvenient movements.

If the patient often has the above symptoms, an ophthalmologist is required to perform a detailed examination of the system to confirm the diagnosis. If the diagnosis is glaucoma, proper treatment is needed to prevent visual impairment. Treatment is generally preceded by medication, and surgery is considered when it is ineffective.

Second, secondary glaucoma

There are many types of secondary glaucoma:

1. Secondary glaucoma caused by viscidity of the cornea;

2. Secondary glaucoma caused by iridocyclitis;

3. Secondary glaucoma caused by eye trauma;

4. Fundus vascular lesions and secondary glaucoma;

5. Intraocular tumors and secondary glaucoma;

6, facial vasospasm and secondary glaucoma;

7, hormones and secondary glaucoma; (systemic or topical use of hormones, if the duration is longer, can produce high intraocular pressure).

8, ciliary body inflammation glaucoma syndrome;

9, cystic glaucoma; (due to cataract).

Third, congenital glaucoma

Congenital glaucoma is caused by abnormal development of the anterior chamber angle in the fetal period, and is mostly present at birth. Because the eye wall of infants and young children is easily affected by the pressure, the whole eyeball is constantly increasing, so it is called "water eye".

Treatment: Once congenital glaucoma is diagnosed, decompression surgery should be performed early in order to save visual function.

※Glaucoma becomes a serious blind eye disease

Experts recommend that people over the age of 40 should be regularly tested for intraocular pressure

Professor Zhao Jialiang, an ophthalmologist, pointed out that glaucoma has become one of the serious blind eye diseases in China, and it is impossible for patients to recover if they are blind. He called for a great deal of popularization of glaucoma prevention knowledge through multiple channels; people over the age of 40 should regularly measure intraocular pressure for early detection and reasonable treatment.

Glaucoma is a type of eye disease due to optic atrophy and visual field defects caused by elevated intraocular pressure. Various investigations have been conducted on the incidence of glaucoma in various parts of China. It is generally believed that the prevalence is 0.21%-1.64%. The glaucoma epidemiological survey conducted in Shunyi District, Beijing in 1996 found that the prevalence of glaucoma was 0.87% in the 50-60 age group, 2.09% in the 60-70 population, and 4.42% in the 70-year-old population. According to the above data, there are at least 5 million glaucoma patients in China. The survey also found that the proportion of double-blind patients in glaucoma patients was 15.8%, 16.9% in single blind, 22.8% in patients with low vision in both eyes, and 7.9% in patients with low vision in one eye. Based on this calculation, the number of blind eyes in our glaucoma patients reached 790,000.

Treatment

Injection of vitamin B

If stress is the main factor, you can inject vitamin B, the effect is good, please use under the guidance of a doctor.

Laser therapy

If the medication is still unable to control the condition, try laser therapy before taking other surgical procedures. New tests have shown that laser therapy is effective for open angle glaucoma. The method is to use a laser to illuminate the iris to form a small hole to relieve the intraocular pressure. If acute or angle-closure glaucoma occurs, the cornea may become blurred by the edema caused by high intraocular pressure. In this case, laser therapy may not be the best choice, and further surgery is needed.

Supplemental nutrients

1 Choline

Add 1000-2000 mg per day. An important vitamin.

2 Pantothenic acid (B5)

3 times a day, 100 mg each.

3 rutin

Add 3 times a day, 50 mg each time.

4 vitamin B group

3 times a day, 50 mg each, taken at mealtime, if necessary, injection.

5 vitamin c

Adding bioflavonoids three times a day can significantly reduce intraocular pressure.

6 Vitamin E

400 IU per day. Recent studies have shown that vitamin E helps to eliminate small particles in the crystal.

7 锗

If your eyes are uncomfortable, take 100-200 mg of sputum per day, while providing oxygen to the eye tissue and relieve pain.

• Practice to be avoided

Avoid using your eyes for long periods of time, for example, watching TV and reading. Avoid drinking coffee, alcohol and smoking. avoid

Avoid drinking plenty of water.

• Natural herb

Use warm fennel tea and chamomile and millet tea to wash your eyes, or use a dropper to drop in each eye.

3 drops of herbal tea, 3 times a day, all help.

Glaucoma diet

Party 1

Prescription: white chrysanthemum; antelope horn powder 0.3 g.

Usage: White chrysanthemum tea, send antelope horn powder. 2 times a day

Indications: For patients with angle-closure glaucoma and headache.

Party 2

Prescription; 15 grams of aspartame, 15 grams of Ophiopogon japonicus, 120 grams of glutinous rice, the amount of crystal sugar.

Usage, glutinous rice washed. Add the water that is fried in the winter and Ophiopogon, and cook it into two winter porridge. Add the right amount of rock sugar, 2 times a day, 1 small bowl each time.

Indications: For angle-closure glaucoma with dry mouth and dry lips, dry stool.

Party 3

Prescription: 250 grams of phenol. Tianma is a seller.

Usage: Add flour to Tianma powder, make steamed buns, and eat 1 dose per day.

Indications: For patients with angle-closure glaucoma and elevated blood pressure.

Square 4

Prescription: 20 grams of longan meat, 20 red dates.

Usage: Longan meat, red dates and boiled longan red dates soup. 1 day meal

Indications: Applicable to the elderly with glaucoma during the remission period.

Party 5

Prescription: 35 grams of lentils, 35 grams of peas, 250 grams of rice flour.

Usage: lentils, pea flour, add rice flour, steamed into bean cake, eat it in divided portions.

Indications: Angle closure glaucoma.

Party 6

Prescription: 1 turtle (about 250 grams), 9 grams of Eucommia. Cooking wine. The exact amount of salt is appropriate.

Usage: The turtles kill the internal organs and add Eucommia (gauze pack). Into the bowl, seasoning with cooking wine, salt, steamed, and go to Eucommia. The carapace fish soup.

Indications: For open-angle glaucoma and tinnitus, backache, red tongue and less moss.

Party 7

Prescription: 1 squid (about 500 grams), 40 grams of red bean, chopped green onion, cooking wine, salt and salt.

Usage: squid live and wash, add red bean (gauze bag), cook with the pot, until the fish is cooked in thick soup, add chopped green onion, cooking wine, salt seasoning, go to Chixiaodou. Drink soup fish, 2 times a day, 1 small bowl each time.

Indications: For open-angle glaucoma, eyelid edema, dysuria.

Square 8

Prescription: 2 fresh citrons, 60 grams of maltose.

Usage: Freshly simmered into a bowl, add malt, and cover the water to the fragrant water. After cooling, it becomes a syrup. 2 times a day, 1 tablespoon each time, boiled water.

Indications: For open-angle glaucoma with headache and vertigo.

Surgical treatment

How to correctly evaluate the effect of surgery on glaucoma?

At present, surgical treatment of glaucoma is the last and only important means of Western medicine. The purpose of surgery is to better control intraocular pressure. For patients with angle-closure glaucoma, anterior chamber angle stenosis or closure, temporary control of intraocular pressure can have a significant effect. However, it did not correct the real cause of elevated intraocular pressure and closed angle of the anterior chamber. It caused a false sense of security for the doctors and patients. They thought that they had surgery for glaucoma and relapsed or blinded again. More than once, I asked the same question, "Why have I been blinded after surgery?" For glaucoma surgery such as open-angle, malignant, and intraocular inflammation, it is not only meaningless, but will speed up the progression of the disease. Therefore, our evaluation of surgery is to "temporarily reduce intraocular pressure, relieve symptoms, and can not correct the disease from the root of the disease." Postoperatively, Chinese medicine should be actively used to treat the cause, in order to achieve the healing effect.

Western Medical Law

To suffer from glaucoma, treat the disease with the right attitude. Glaucoma patients are easy to go to two extremes: either know the harmfulness of the disease, contact a lot of Western doctors that the disease is incurable, give up treatment, produce pessimism, disappointment, fear, missed treatment. I don't know the disease, especially the chronic open-angle patients. I don't think I feel much, not as serious as the doctor said. As a result, it has serious consequences, and it takes the rest of the life in the darkness, causing great suffering to individuals and families.

At present, the understanding of glaucoma by Western medicine is summarized as "one eye (or both eyes), secondary blindness, secondary use of drugs, blindness at any time", the disease has not yet found the exact cause, and there is no treatment. Mending agents, carbonic anhydride inhibitors, hypertonic agents, hormones, even surgery only temporarily reduce intraocular pressure, relieve symptoms, and ultimately end in blindness, so called "incurable disease."

Glaucoma and blindness

Glaucoma is one of the most common blinding eye diseases, causing blindness to patients due to various reasons. The common reasons are as follows:

1 open angle glaucoma and some chronic angle-closure glaucoma, because there is no symptoms, the patient does not know that his eyes are sick, once found to be late or blind.

2 The patient does not listen to the doctor's advice, does not trust the doctor, does not want to do any check, miss the best treatment opportunity.

3 Insufficient understanding of the dangers of glaucoma, do not care about their own diseases. Some people just work hard, never see a doctor, until they feel the vision is reduced, they go to the hospital for treatment. At this time, it is often extremely late, and one eye is lost in vain.

4 can not take medication on time, when there are symptoms, then take the medicine, do not take medicine when there is no symptoms, never measure the intraocular pressure, I do not know how to control the intraocular pressure after taking the medicine. Unreasonable medication delays treatment.

5 The doctor advised that I could not listen. Fear surgery, the preoperative doctors to explain the prognosis of the surgery, can not be treated correctly, always afraid of vision loss or even blindness after surgery, the surgery dragged on until the late loss of the best treatment opportunity.

6 Some patients after surgery, because the symptoms disappeared, they thought that glaucoma had been completely cured, while neglecting follow-up observation and regular monitoring, some patients were blinded unconsciously after surgery.

7 Some patients only pay attention to the intraocular pressure after surgery, and do not check whether the visual field has changed. Some patients have abnormal hemodynamics, such as cardiovascular disease, hypotension, and increased whole blood concentrations. Due to the interaction of these factors, the optic nerve is in a state of chronic blood supply for a long time, which causes the visual field to shrink and become blind.

In view of the above, it is recommended that patients with glaucoma must follow the doctor's advice and actively seek early and effective treatment to minimize the damage of visual function.

The above content is for reference only, please consult the relevant physician or relevant medical institution if necessary.

prevention

Glaucoma is a common blinding eye disease and must be treated with caution. Middle-aged and elderly people do not forget to measure intraocular pressure during the annual physical examination. If you find that the intraocular pressure is elevated, you should pay attention to the following points: regular life, avoid mood swings, maintain psychological balance, try to watch TV less, let your eyes rest, diet Should be light, do not eat spicy food, do not take drugs that have an effect on intraocular pressure. Once you have glaucoma symptoms, you must go to the hospital to consult an ophthalmologist and try to keep your eyesight.

Incidence/surgical outcome

The patient knows that once he is suffering from glaucoma, he is blind. The serious consequences caused by glaucoma are not limited to this. Several common complications and sequelae are briefly described:

1. Optic atrophy: The most common and serious complication of glaucoma. Simply speaking, vision loss, visual field reduction, and blindness are the inevitable outcomes of every glaucoma.

2, vascular neuropathic headache, hypertension, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease: In fact, it is also the performance of glaucoma, but their performance masks the symptoms of the eye, was misdiagnosed as the above lesions, if not timely and correct diagnosis and treatment is life-threatening.

3, cataract: it is closely related to glaucoma, glaucoma can be complicated by cataract, and cataract can be secondary to glaucoma in the process of onset.

4, retinal detachment: This is the most common complication after glaucoma surgery, postoperative intraocular pressure drops sharply, loss of support for the retina and lead to retinal detachment, manifested as a sudden visual field defect or blind.

5, inflammatory infection: postoperative inflammation, such as inflammation can not be effectively controlled, leading to intraocular infection, light surgery failure, severe secondary uveitis need to remove the eyeball to prevent the spread of inflammation.

6, malignant glaucoma: postoperative intraocular pressure increased sharply, remove the eyeball to relieve the pain, (see: the most common clinical glaucoma in the special glaucoma).

Surgical trauma: The structure of the eye is very fine, and it can damage the injury with a little carelessness, and it is not easy to be found. This is one of the important reasons for the failure of glaucoma surgery.

Risk factor

The incidence of glaucoma is closely related to the local structure, age, gender, heredity, refraction and other factors of the patient's eye. People with these factors are high-risk groups of glaucoma, and are exposed to external factors to cause acute morbidity.

1. Anatomical factors: shallow anterior chamber, short axial length, thick crystal, short corneal diameter, leading to anterior chamber angle stenosis, drainage of aqueous humor, elevated intraocular pressure, and glaucoma formation.

2, age, gender: open-angle type more than 30 years old, no significant gender differences. Closed-angle patients over the age of 45 accounted for 68.2%-76.8% of glaucoma patients, more women than men.

3, genetic factors: glaucoma is a multi-gene hereditary lesion, family history, the incidence rate is higher than 6 times the family history, accounting for 13% -47% of the total number of cases, the incidence of patients relatives 3.5% -16% .

4, refractive factors: patients with refractive errors (myopia, hyperopia, presbyopia), the incidence rate is high, 1/3 of myopia with or develop into open angle glaucoma, hyperopia with angle closure glaucoma.

5, bad habits: smoking, alcohol, irregular living, irregular diet, moody, habitual constipation, intractable insomnia.

6, the eye is a systemic lesion. (Reference: Which eye and systemic lesions can induce formation, exacerbate the development of glaucoma? Which drugs can cause changes in the condition?)

7, improper medication. (Reference: Which eye and systemic lesions can induce formation, exacerbate the development of glaucoma? Which drugs can cause changes in the condition?)

8. Work and living environment.

Precaution

The main target for the prevention of glaucoma is people with risk factors. People with glaucoma risk factors can stimulate the formation of glaucoma at any time under the stimulation of adverse mental factors. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate all harmful factors that can induce increased intraocular pressure and prevent glaucoma from occurring.

1. Maintain a good mood and avoid excessive emotional fluctuations. The most important predisposing factors for glaucoma are long-term bad mental stimulation, temper, depression, anxiety, and panic.

2, life, diet and living rules, work and rest, moderate physical exercise, do not participate in strenuous exercise, maintain sleep quality, diet light and nutritious, non-smoking wine, tea, coffee, appropriate control of water intake, can not exceed 1000-1200ml per day , disposable drinking water should not exceed 400ml.

3, pay attention to eye hygiene, protect the eyes, do not read under strong light, the dark room stay time can not be too long, the light must be soft enough, do not overuse the eye.

4, comprehensive conditioning of systemic complications (parameter: which eye and systemic lesions can induce formation, aggravate the development of glaucoma? Which drugs can lead to changes in the condition?).

5, pay attention to the impact of drugs (parameters: which eye and systemic lesions can induce formation, aggravate the development of glaucoma? Which drugs can lead to changes in the condition?).

6. Women's amenorrhea, menopause, and dysmenorrhea should be highly valued for elevated intraocular pressure. If glaucoma is present during menstruation, they should be treated in time.

7, glaucoma family and risk factors, must be reviewed regularly, once there are signs of the disease, must actively cooperate with treatment to prevent sudden loss of visual function.

Early detection of glaucoma

About 10 to 15 percent of the blind population at home and abroad are caused by glaucoma, and about 2 percent of adults over 40 years old have glaucoma, so most people just want to hear glaucoma. It is the color of the smell, as if to see the invisible killer of the eyes.

The so-called glaucoma is called "green cataract" in Japan. In the latest concept, it mainly means that the optic nerve of the eye cannot withstand the increase of intraocular pressure, which causes the damage of the optic nerve to shrink, which in turn causes various visual obstacles and visions. Defect.

Glaucoma has different symptoms due to different reasons, forms and mechanisms. Many patients often have no symptoms. Some of them are mild eye pain and discomfort. Occasionally, there is a circle of rainbow halo around the bulb until it is discovered at the end of the period. There are severe visual field defects and visual impairments. Most of the patients in this category belong to the so-called chronic open angle glaucoma; another group of patients presents unbearable eye pain, headache, and even vomiting... Most of the patients belong to the angle of the atresia glaucoma.

Glaucoma is not known to be hereditary, but people with family history, diabetes, elderly people with cataracts, and especially those with high myopia are all so-called high-risk groups. In the Yangming Hospital of Taipei City, the optic nerve examination was performed on adolescents with high myopia. The nerve fiber layer of the optic disc was found to have defects and thinning. The height of the myopic eye was lengthened, and the deformation pressure of the optic nerve was also increased. The circulatory obstacles in turn affect the blood flow in the eye, so younger patients with high myopia also find changes in the visual field of open glaucoma and similar ischemic optic neuropathy, which must be ignored.

Due to the advancement of medical instruments and medicines, glaucoma should be checked as early as possible. Adults over 40 years old or high-risk groups should be examined once or twice a year. If glaucoma is used, it should be treated on time and supplemented with laser or surgery if necessary. , can get long-term control, to maintain vision without blindness.

In most people, the intraocular pressure is 12 to 20 mm Hg. The examination of intraocular pressure is one of the three important examinations for glaucoma. It is also the simplest examination, especially the current air pressure tonometry. Medicine, fast and convenient.

Attachment: Weightlifting is prone to glaucoma

According to a report on the US Health Day website on September 12th, studies have shown that people who often practice weightlifting are prone to glaucoma. Robert Ritchie, an ophthalmology professor at the New York Eye and Ear Health Institute, said that when lifting weights, intraocular pressure will increase; if you hold your breath, the pressure will be greater. In the long run, it is easy to suffer from glaucoma. In the study, respondents needed to complete 4 weightlifting exercises. In the first two groups, respondents need to hold their breath. The researchers will measure the intraocular pressure of the left and right eyes separately. The researchers found that in the first round of measurements, the average intraocular pressure of the respondents increased by 2.2 mm Hg, and the second round increased by 4.3 mm Hg.